Unifying Precise Keyframes and Semantic Control via Multi-level Diffusion

Abstract

Text-conditioned human motion in-betweening leverages keyframes for spatio-temporal control, with text providing high-level semantic guidance for the transitions. However, existing methods are unable to establish a coherent alignment between textual semantics and the spatio-temporal constraints provided by keyframes, often resulting in insufficiently constrained motions with unintended behavior. Moreover, they struggle with precise spatial control, often generating motions that deviate from keyframe constraints. To address these issues, we propose a multi-level diffusion framework that integrates textual semantics with implicit cues from keyframe sequences to modulate global motion dynamics, while leveraging individual keyframes to guide local transitions around them. During inference, to ensure strict keyframe adherence, we propose a novel trajectory refinement strategy that adjusts the root positions of the generated motion, followed by diffusion imputation to refine the poses of the generated keyframes. Additionally, our framework enables semantics-preserving motion editing, allowing for plausible modifications while retaining the original motion semantics. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method generates high-quality motions that strictly satisfy keyframe constraints while achieving precise semantic alignment.