MiniCPM-V 4.5: Cooking Efficient MLLMs via Architecture, Data, and Training Recipe
Tianyu Yu, Zefan Wang, Chongyi Wang, Fuwei Huang, Wenshuo Ma, Zhihui He, Tianchi Cai, Weize Chen
Abstract
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are undergoing rapid progress and represent the frontier of AI development. However, their training and inference efficiency have emerged as a core bottleneck in making MLLMs more accessible and scalable. To address the challenges, we present MiniCPM-V 4.5, an 8B parameter model designed for high efficiency and strong performance. We introduce three core improvements in model architecture, data strategy and training method: a unified 3D-Resampler model architecture for highly compact encoding over images and videos, a unified learning paradigm for document knowledge and text recognition without heavy data engineering, and a hybrid reinforcement learning strategy for proficiency in both short and long reasoning modes. Comprehensive experimental results in OpenCompass evaluation show that MiniCPM-V 4.5 surpasses widely used proprietary models such as GPT-4o-latest, and significantly larger open-source models such as Qwen2.5-VL 72B. Notably, the strong performance is achieved with remarkable efficiency. For example, on the widely adopted VideoMME benchmark, MiniCPM-V 4.5 surpasses Qwen2.5-VL 7B by +2.8, using just 46.7% GPU memory and 8.7% inference time.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{cvpr2026_minicpmv45cookin,
title = {MiniCPM-V 4.5: Cooking Efficient MLLMs via Architecture, Data, and Training Recipe},
author = {Tianyu Yu and Zefan Wang and Chongyi Wang and Fuwei Huang and Wenshuo Ma and Zhihui He and Tianchi Cai and Weize Chen and Yuxiang Huang and Ranchi Zhao and Bokai Xu and Junbo Cui and Yingjing Xu and Liqing Ruan and Luoyuan Zhang and Hanyu Liu and Jingkun Tang and Hongyuan Liu and Qining Guo and Wenhao Hu and Bingxiang He and Jie Zhou and Jie Cai and Ji Qi and Zonghao Guo and Chi Chen and Guoyang Zeng and Yuxuan Li and Ganqu Cui and Ning Ding and Xu Han and Yuan Yao and Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun},
booktitle = {CVPR 2026},
year = {2026}
}