Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speech
Mai ElSherief, Caleb Ziems, David Muchlinski, Vaishnavi Anupindi, Jordyn Seybolt, Munmun De Choudhury, Diyi Yang
Abstract
Hate speech has grown significantly on social media, causing serious consequences for victims of all demographics. Despite much attention being paid to characterize and detect discriminatory speech, most work has focused on explicit or overt hate speech, failing to address a more pervasive form based on coded or indirect language. To fill this gap, this work introduces a theoretically-justified taxonomy of implicit hate speech and a benchmark corpus with fine-grained labels for each message and its implication. We present systematic analyses of our dataset using contemporary baselines to detect and explain implicit hate speech, and we discuss key features that challenge existing models. This dataset will continue to serve as a useful benchmark for understanding this multifaceted issue.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{elsherief-etal-2021-latent,
title = "Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speech",
author = "ElSherief, Mai and
Ziems, Caleb and
Muchlinski, David and
Anupindi, Vaishnavi and
Seybolt, Jordyn and
De Choudhury, Munmun and
Yang, Diyi",
editor = "Moens, Marie-Francine and
Huang, Xuanjing and
Specia, Lucia and
Yih, Scott Wen-tau",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
address = "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.29/",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.29",
pages = "345--363"
}