UNTAG: Learning Generic Features for Unsupervised Type-Agnostic Deepfake Detection

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel framework for unsupervised type-agnostic deepfake detection called UNTAG. Existing methods are generally trained in a supervised manner at the classification level, focusing on detecting at most two types of forgeries; thus, limiting their generalization capability across different deepfake types. To handle that, we reformulate the deepfake detection problem as a one-class classification supported by a self-supervision mechanism. Our intuition is that by estimating the distribution of real data in a discriminative feature space, deepfakes can be detected as outliers regardless of their type. UNTAG involves two sequential steps. First, deep representations are learned based on a self-supervised pretext task focusing on manipulated regions. Second, a oneclass classifier fitted on authentic image embeddings is used to detect deepfakes. The results reported on several datasets show the effectiveness of UNTAG and the relevance of the proposed new paradigm. The code is publicly available.