Position: TrustLLM: Trustworthiness in Large Language Models
Yue Huang, Lichao Sun, Haoran Wang, Siyuan Wu, Qihui Zhang, Yuan Li, Chujie Gao, Yixin Huang
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have gained considerable attention for their excellent natural language processing capabilities. Nonetheless, these LLMs present many challenges, particularly in the realm of trustworthiness. This paper introduces TrustLLM, a comprehensive study of trustworthiness in LLMs, including principles for different dimensions of trustworthiness, established benchmark, evaluation, and analysis of trustworthiness for mainstream LLMs, and discussion of open challenges and future directions. Specifically, we first propose a set of principles for trustworthy LLMs that span eight different dimensions. Based on these principles, we further establish a benchmark across six dimensions including truthfulness, safety, fairness, robustness, privacy, and machine ethics. We then present a study evaluating 16 mainstream LLMs in TrustLLM, consisting of over 30 datasets. Our findings firstly show that in general trustworthiness and capability (i.e., functional effectiveness) are positively related. Secondly, our observations reveal that proprietary LLMs generally outperform most open-source counterparts in terms of trustworthiness, raising concerns about the potential risks of widely accessible open-source LLMs. However, a few open-source LLMs come very close to proprietary ones, suggesting that open-source models can achieve high levels of trustworthiness without additional mechanisms like *moderator*, offering valuable insights for developers in this field. Thirdly, it is important to note that some LLMs may be overly calibrated towards exhibiting trustworthiness, to the extent that they compromise their utility by mistakenly treating benign prompts as harmful and consequently not responding. Besides these observations, we've uncovered key insights into the multifaceted trustworthiness in LLMs. We emphasize the importance of ensuring transparency not only in the models themselves but also in the technologies that underpin trustworthiness. We advocate that the establishment of an AI alliance between industry, academia, the open-source community to foster collaboration is imperative to advance the trustworthiness of LLMs.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{
huang2024position,
title={Position: Trust{LLM}: Trustworthiness in Large Language Models},
author={Yue Huang and Lichao Sun and Haoran Wang and Siyuan Wu and Qihui Zhang and Yuan Li and Chujie Gao and Yixin Huang and Wenhan Lyu and Yixuan Zhang and Xiner Li and Hanchi Sun and Zhengliang Liu and Yixin Liu and Yijue Wang and Zhikun Zhang and Bertie Vidgen and Bhavya Kailkhura and Caiming Xiong and Chaowei Xiao and Chunyuan Li and Eric P. Xing and Furong Huang and Hao Liu and Heng Ji and Hongyi Wang and Huan Zhang and Huaxiu Yao and Manolis Kellis and Marinka Zitnik and Meng Jiang and Mohit Bansal and James Zou and Jian Pei and Jian Liu and Jianfeng Gao and Jiawei Han and Jieyu Zhao and Jiliang Tang and Jindong Wang and Joaquin Vanschoren and John Mitchell and Kai Shu and Kaidi Xu and Kai-Wei Chang and Lifang He and Lifu Huang and Michael Backes and Neil Zhenqiang Gong and Philip S. Yu and Pin-Yu Chen and Quanquan Gu and Ran Xu and Rex Ying and Shuiwang Ji and Suman Jana and Tianlong Chen and Tianming Liu and Tianyi Zhou and William Yang Wang and Xiang Li and Xiangliang Zhang and Xiao Wang and Xing Xie and Xun Chen and Xuyu Wang and Yan Liu and Yanfang Ye and Yinzhi Cao and Yong Chen and Yue Zhao},
booktitle={Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning},
year={2024},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=bWUU0LwwMp}
}