Surrogate Prompt Learning: Towards Efficient and Diverse Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models

Abstract

Prompt learning is a cutting-edge parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs). Instead of learning a single text prompt, recent works have revealed that learning diverse text prompts can effectively boost the performances on downstream tasks, as the diverse prompted text features can comprehensively depict the visual concepts from different perspectives. However, diverse prompt learning demands enormous computational resources. This efficiency issue still remains unexplored. To achieve efficient and diverse prompt learning, this paper proposes a novel \textbf{Surrogate Prompt Learning (SurPL)} framework. Instead of learning diverse text prompts, SurPL directly generates the desired prompted text features via a lightweight \textbf{Surrogate Feature Generator (SFG)}, thereby avoiding the complex gradient computation procedure of conventional diverse prompt learning. Concretely, based on a basic prompted text feature, SFG can directly and efficiently generate diverse prompted features according to different pre-defined conditional signals. Extensive experiments indicate the effectiveness of the surrogate prompted text features, and show compelling performances and efficiency of SurPL on various benchmarks.