GLFP: Global Localization from a Floor Plan

Abstract

In this paper, we describe a method for global localization in a previously unvisited environment using only a schematic floor plan as a prior map. The floor plan need not be a precision map-it can be the sort of image found in buildings to guide people or aid evacuation. The core idea is to identify features that are stable across both a drawn floor plan and robot point-of-view LIDAR data, for example wall intersections, which appear as corners from overhead and as vertical lines from the ground. We introduce a factor graph-based global localization method that uses these features as landmarks. The detections of such descriptorless features are noisy and often ambiguous. We therefore propose robust data association based on a pairwise measurement consistency check and max-mixtures error model. We evaluate the resulting system in a real-world indoor environment, demonstrating performance comparable to a baseline system that uses a conventional LIDAR-based prior map.