Probing Multimodal LLMs as World Models for Driving

Abstract

We provide a sober look at the application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in autonomous driving, challenging common assumptions about their ability to interpret dynamic driving scenarios. Despite advances in models like GPT-4o, their performance in complex driving environments remains largely unexplored. Our experimental study assesses various MLLMs as world models using in-car camera perspectives and reveals that while these models excel at interpreting individual images, they struggle to synthesize coherent narratives across frames, leading to considerable inaccuracies in understanding (i) ego vehicle dynamics, (ii) interactions with other road actors, (iii) trajectory planning, and (iv) open-set scene reasoning. We introduce the <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EVAL-LLM-DRIVE</small> dataset and <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DRIVESIM</small> simulator to enhance our evaluation, highlighting gaps in current MLLM capabilities and the need for improved models in dynamic real-world environments.