13 accepted papers
Inference-time compute scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving language model performance on a wide range of tasks, but the question of how best to use the additional compute remains open. A popular approach is *Best-of-$N$* (BoN) sampling, where $N$ candidate responses are generat…
The Rademacher complexity of a function class is among the most basic notions of its ``size'' and yields classical offline generalization bounds for Lipschitz loss functions that lead in turn to a modern understanding of statistical learning. More recently, the *sequential* and *offset* Rademacher c…
Language models demonstrate remarkable abilities when pre-trained on large text corpora and fine-tuned for specific tasks, but how and why pre-training shapes the success of the final model remains poorly understood. Notably, although pre-training success is often quantified by cross entropy loss, c…
Watermarking, the process by which Large Language Model (LLM) servers imbed an imperceptible signal at inference time in order to detect text generated by their own models, has grown in importance due to the significant improvements in natural language processing tasks by modern LLMs. Current approa…
Recent work on inference-time alignment has established benefits of increasing inference-time computation in language models, but naively scaling compute through techniques like Best-of-N sampling can cause performance to degrade due to reward hacking. Toward a theoretical understanding of how to be…
Recent work in language modeling has raised the possibility of “self-improvement,” where an LLM evaluates and refines its own generations to achieve higher performance without external feedback. It is impossible for this self-improvement to create information that is not already in the model, so why…
This work studies training instabilities of behavior cloning with deep neural networks. We observe that minibatch SGD updates to the policy network during training result in sharp oscillations in long-horizon rewards, despite negligibly affecting the behavior cloning loss. We empirically disentangle…
Imitation learning (IL) aims to mimic the behavior of an expert in a sequential decision making task by learning from demonstrations, and has been widely applied to robotics, autonomous driving, and autoregressive text generation. The simplest approach to IL, behavior cloning (BC) is thought to incu…
Due to statistical lower bounds on the learnability of many function classes under privacy constraints, there has been recent interest in leveraging public data to improve the performance of private learning algorithms. In this model, algorithms must always guarantee differential privacy with respec…
A major challenge in reinforcement learning is to develop practical, sample-efficient algorithms for exploration in high-dimensional domains where generalization and function approximation is required. Low-Rank Markov Decision Processes---where transition probabilities admit a low-rank factorization…
We propose a theoretical framework for studying behavior cloning of complex expert demonstrations using generative modeling. Our framework invokes low-level controllers - either learned or implicit in position-command control - to stabilize imitation around expert demonstrations. We show that with (…
The problem of piecewise affine (PWA) regression and planning is of foundational importance to the study of online learning, control, and robotics, where it provides a theoretically and empirically tractable setting to study systems undergoing sharp changes in the dynamics. Unfortunately, due to th…
Due to the drastic gap in complexity between sequential and batch statistical learning, recent work has studied a smoothed sequential learning setting, where Nature is constrained to select contexts with density bounded by $1/\sigma$ with respect to a known measure $\mu$. Unfortunately, for some fu…