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Alexander Ratner

12 accepted papers

2024

Found in the middle: Calibrating Positional Attention Bias Improves Long Context Utilization

ACL 2024findings

Large language models (LLMs), even when specifically trained to process long input contexts, struggle to capture relevant information located in the middle of their input. This phenomenon has been known as the lost-in-the-middle problem. In this work, we make three contributions. First, we set out t…

2023

Characterizing the Impacts of Semi-supervised Learning for Weak Supervision

NeurIPS 2023poster

Labeling training data is a critical and expensive step in producing high accuracy ML models, whether training from scratch or fine-tuning. To make labeling more efficient, two major approaches are programmatic weak supervision (WS) and semi-supervised learning (SSL). More recent works have either…

Cited by 8SourcePDFScholar
2023

DataComp: In search of the next generation of multimodal datasets

NeurIPS 2023oral

Multimodal datasets are a critical component in recent breakthroughs such as CLIP, Stable Diffusion and GPT-4, yet their design does not receive the same research attention as model architectures or training algorithms. To address this shortcoming in the machine learning ecosystem, we introduce Data…

2023

Large Language Model as Attributed Training Data Generator: A Tale of Diversity and Bias

NeurIPS 2023poster

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data, they generally rely on simple class-conditional prompts, which…

2023

On the Trade-off of Intra-/Inter-class Diversity for Supervised Pre-training

NeurIPS 2023poster

Pre-training datasets are critical for building state-of-the-art machine learning models, motivating rigorous study on their impact on downstream tasks. In this work, we study the impact of the trade-off between the intra-class diversity (the number of samples per class) and the inter-class diversit…

Cited by 11SourcePDFScholar
2022

Creating Training Sets via Weak Indirect Supervision

ICLR 2022poster

Creating labeled training sets has become one of the major roadblocks in machine learning. To address this, recent Weak Supervision (WS) frameworks synthesize training labels from multiple potentially noisy supervision sources. However, existing frameworks are restricted to supervision sources that…

Cited by 19SourcePDFScholar
2022

Understanding Programmatic Weak Supervision via Source-aware Influence Function

NeurIPS 2022accept

Programmatic Weak Supervision (PWS) aggregates the source votes of multiple weak supervision sources into probabilistic training labels, which are in turn used to train an end model. With its increasing popularity, it is critical to have some tool for users to understand the influence of each compon…

Cited by 15SourcePDFScholar
2021

WRENCH: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Weak Supervision

NeurIPS 2021poster

Recent Weak Supervision (WS) approaches have had widespread success in easing the bottleneck of labeling training data for machine learning by synthesizing labels from multiple potentially noisy supervision sources. However, proper measurement and analysis of these approaches remain a challenge. Fi…

Cited by 119SourcecodeScholar
2019

A Kernel Theory of Modern Data Augmentation

ICML 2019oral

Data augmentation, a technique in which a training set is expanded with class-preserving transformations, is ubiquitous in modern machine learning pipelines. In this paper, we seek to establish a theoretical framework for understanding data augmentation. We approach this from two directions: First,…

2019

Learning Dependency Structures for Weak Supervision Models

ICML 2019oral

Labeling training data is a key bottleneck in the modern machine learning pipeline. Recent weak supervision approaches combine labels from multiple noisy sources by estimating their accuracies without access to ground truth labels; however, estimating the dependencies among these sources is a critic…

Cited by 79SourcePDFScholar
2017

Learning the Structure of Generative Models without Labeled Data

ICML 2017poster

Curating labeled training data has become the primary bottleneck in machine learning. Recent frameworks address this bottleneck with generative models to synthesize labels at scale from weak supervision sources. The generative model’s dependency structure directly affects the quality of the estimate…

Cited by 202SourcePDFScholar