Structurally Human, Semantically Biased: Detecting LLM-Generated References with Embeddings and GNNs
Large language models are increasingly used to curate bibliographies, raising the question: are their reference lists distinguishable from human ones? We build paired citation graphs, ground truth and GPT-4o-generated (from parametric knowledge), for 10,000 focal papers ($\approx$ 275k references) f…