Jiading Zhang

A Tri-Axial FBG-Based Force Sensor at the Tool Tip of a Continuum Manipulator for Single-Port Access Surgery

Abstract— The absence of force feedback remains a major bottleneck in the development of robotic laparoendoscopic single-site (R-LESS) surgery, reducing the control precision of surgical instruments and increasing the risk of tissue damage. To address this challenge, we propose a miniature triaxial …