2026
Measuring Meta-Cultural Competency: A Spectral Framework for LLM Knowledge Structures
Sougata Saha, Madhur Jindal, Saurabh Kumar Pandey, Mahardika Ihsani, Alham Fikri Aji, Monojit Choudhury
ICML 2026poster
Most existing cultural evaluation frameworks for large language models (LLMs) focus on matching model outputs to ground-truth answers, primarily measuring factual cultural awareness. This overlooks whether models internalize broader cultural structure and pluralism. We introduce a spectral-analysis-…