Vine4Spine: A Steerable Tip-Growing Robot with Contact Force Estimation for Navigation in the Spinal Subarachnoid Space
Therapies targeting neurodegenerative diseases via brain ventricles and spinal parenchyma face delivery challenges. Systemic administration is ineffective due to the blood-brain barrier, while direct surgical access, especially for multi-site delivery, is highly invasive. The spinal subarachnoid spa