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William Held

12 accepted papers

2025

Distilling an End-to-End Voice Assistant Without Instruction Training Data

ACL 2025long

Voice assistants, such as Siri and Google Assistant, typically model audio and text separately, resulting in lost speech information and increased complexity. Recent efforts to address this with end-to-end Speech Large Language Models (speech-in, text-out) trained with supervised finetuning (SFT) ha…

Cited by 0SourcePDFScholar
2025

Mind the Gap: Static and Interactive Evaluations of Large Audio Models

ACL 2025long

As AI chatbots become ubiquitous, voice interaction presents a compelling way to enable rapid, high-bandwidth communication for both semantic and social signals. This has driven research into Large Audio Models (LAMs) to power voice-native experiences. However, aligning LAM development with user goa…

2025

SynthesizeMe! Inducing Persona-Guided Prompts for Personalized Reward Models in LLMs

ACL 2025long

Recent calls for pluralistic alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) encourage adapting models to diverse user preferences. However, most prior work on personalized reward models heavily rely on additional identity information, such as demographic details or a predefined set of preference categori…

Cited by 0SourcePDFScholar
2024

Measuring and Addressing Indexical Bias in Information Retrieval

ACL 2024findings

Information Retrieval (IR) systems are designed to deliver relevant content, but traditional systems may not optimize rankings for fairness, neutrality, or the balance of ideas. Consequently, IR can often introduce indexical biases, or biases in the positional order of documents. Although indexical…

2024

Perceptions of Language Technology Failures from South Asian English Speakers

ACL 2024findings

English NLP systems have empirically worse performance for dialects other than Standard American English (SAmE). However, how these discrepancies impact use of language technology by speakers of non-SAmE global Englishes is not well understood. We focus on reducing this gap for South Asian Englishes…

Cited by 3SourcePDFScholar
2023

DAMP: Doubly Aligned Multilingual Parser for Task-Oriented Dialogue

ACL 2023long

Modern virtual assistants use internal semantic parsing engines to convert user utterances to actionable commands. However, prior work has demonstrated multilingual models are less robust for semantic parsing compared to other tasks. In global markets such as India and Latin America, robust multilin…

2023

Modeling Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Inference with Codenames Duet

ACL 2023findings

Pragmatic reference enables efficient interpersonal communication. Prior work uses simple reference games to test models of pragmatic reasoning, often with unidentified speakers and listeners. In practice, however, speakers’ sociocultural background shapes their pragmatic assumptions. For example, r…

2023

Multi-VALUE: A Framework for Cross-Dialectal English NLP

ACL 2023long

Dialect differences caused by regional, social, and economic factors cause performance discrepancies for many groups of language technology users. Inclusive and equitable language technology must critically be dialect invariant, meaning that performance remains constant over dialectal shifts. Curren…

Cited by 46SourcePDFScholar
2023

On Second Thought, Let’s Not Think Step by Step! Bias and Toxicity in Zero-Shot Reasoning

ACL 2023long

Generating a Chain of Thought (CoT) has been shown to consistently improve large language model (LLM) performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. However, prior work has mainly focused on logical reasoning tasks (e.g. arithmetic, commonsense QA); it remains unclear whether improvements hold for more d…

2021

Focus on what matters: Applying Discourse Coherence Theory to Cross Document Coreference

EMNLP 2021main

Performing event and entity coreference resolution across documents vastly increases the number of candidate mentions, making it intractable to do the full n2 pairwise comparisons. Existing approaches simplify by considering coreference only within document clusters, but this fails to handle inter-c…