Learning to Drive Anywhere

Abstract

Human drivers can seamlessly adapt their driving decisions across geographical locations with diverse conditions and rules of the road, e.g., left vs. right-hand traffic. In contrast, existing models for autonomous driving have been thus far only deployed within restricted operational domains, \ie, without accounting for varying driving behaviors across locations or model scalability. In this work, we propose GeCo, a single geographically-aware conditional imitation learning (CIL) model that can efficiently learn from heterogeneous and globally distributed data with dynamic environmental, traffic, and social characteristics. Our key insight is to introduce a high-capacity, geo-location-based channel attention mechanism that effectively adapts to local nuances while also flexibly modeling similarities among regions in a data-driven manner. By optimizing a contrastive imitation objective, our proposed approach can efficiently scale across the inherently imbalanced data distributions and location-dependent events. We demonstrate the benefits of our GeCo agent across multiple datasets, cities, and scalable deployment paradigms, \ie, centralized, semi-supervised, and distributed agent training. Specifically, GeCo outperforms CIL baselines by over 14% in open-loop evaluation and 30% in closed-loop testing on CARLA.