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Cai Zhou

12 accepted papers

2026

Coevolutionary Continuous Discrete Diffusion: Make Your Diffusion Language Model a Latent Reasoner

ICML 2026poster

Diffusion language models, especially masked discrete diffusion models, have achieved great success recently. While there are some theoretical and primary empirical results showing the advantages of latent reasoning with looped transformers or continuous CoT, continuous diffusion models typically un…

Cited by 21SourceScholar
2026

On Powerful Ways to Generate: Autoregression, Diffusion, and Beyond

ICLR 2026poster

Diffusion language models have recently emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive language models. Beyond next-token generation, they are more efficient and flexible by enabling parallel and any-order token generation. However, despite empirical successes, their computational power and…

Cited by 0SourcecodeScholar
2026

SPG: Sandwiched Policy Gradient for Masked Diffusion Language Models

ICLR 2026poster

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as an efficient alternative to autoregressive models due to their ability to decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, aligning dLLMs with human preferences or task-specific rewards via reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging because their i…

Cited by 0SourcecodeScholar
2025

ChemVLM: Exploring the Power of Multimodal Large Language Models in Chemistry Area

AAAI 2025technical

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success and have been applied across various scientific fields, including chemistry. However, many chemical tasks require the processing of visual information, which cannot be successfully handled by existing chemical LLMs. This brings a growing…

2025

Geometric Representation Condition Improves Equivariant Molecule Generation

ICML 2025spotlight

Recent advances in molecular generative models have demonstrated great promise for accelerating scientific discovery, particularly in drug design. However, these models often struggle to generate high-quality molecules, especially in conditional scenarios where specific molecular properties must be…

2025

Learning Diffusion Models with Flexible Representation Guidance

NeurIPS 2025poster

Diffusion models can be improved with additional guidance towards more effective representations of input. Indeed, prior empirical work has already shown that aligning internal representations of the diffusion model with those of pre-trained models improves generation quality. In this paper, we pres…

Cited by 0SourceScholar
2025

Next Semantic Scale Prediction via Hierarchical Diffusion Language Models

NeurIPS 2025poster

In this paper we introduce Hierarchical Diffusion Language Models (HDLM) -- a novel family of discrete diffusion models for language modeling. HDLM builds on a hierarchical vocabulary where low-level tokens with detailed semantics are surjectively mapped to high-level tokens with coarse-grained mean…

Cited by 0SourceScholar
2025

Thought calibration: Efficient and confident test-time scaling

EMNLP 2025

Reasoning large language models achieve impressive test-time scaling by thinking for longer, but this performance gain comes at significant compute cost. Directly limiting test-time budget hurts overall performance, but not all problems are equally difficult. We propose thought calibration to decide

2024

On the Theoretical Expressive Power and the Design Space of Higher-Order Graph Transformers

AISTATS 2024poster

Graph transformers have recently received significant attention in graph learning, partly due to their ability to capture more global interaction via self-attention. Nevertheless, while higher-order graph neural networks have been reasonably well studied, the exploration of extending graph transform…

2024

Unifying Generation and Prediction on Graphs with Latent Graph Diffusion

NeurIPS 2024poster

In this paper, we propose the first framework that enables solving graph learning tasks of all levels (node, edge and graph) and all types (generation, regression and classification) using one formulation. We first formulate prediction tasks including regression and classification into a generic (co…

2023

Facilitating Graph Neural Networks with Random Walk on Simplicial Complexes

NeurIPS 2023poster

Node-level random walk has been widely used to improve Graph Neural Networks. However, there is limited attention to random walk on edge and, more generally, on $k$-simplices. This paper systematically analyzes how random walk on different orders of simplicial complexes (SC) facilitates GNNs in thei…

2023

From Relational Pooling to Subgraph GNNs: A Universal Framework for More Expressive Graph Neural Networks

ICML 2023poster

Relational pooling is a framework for building more expressive and permutation-invariant graph neural networks. However, there is limited understanding of the exact enhancement in the expressivity of RP and its connection with the Weisfeiler-Lehman hierarchy. Starting from RP, we propose to explicit…