A Hybrid Active/Passive Wrist Approach for Increasing Virtual Fixture Stiffness in Comanipulated Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery
In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the incision point acts as a fulcrum about which the surgical instrument pivots. Most robotic MIS systems foresee procedures to carefully align the robot with the incision in the patient. Such procedures disrupt the normal workflow. This hampers the clinical tran