2026
DCINJECT: PERSISTENT BACKDOOR ATTACKS VIA FREQUENCY MANIPULATION IN PERSONAL FEDERATED LEARNING
ICASSP 2026oral
Personalized federated learning (PFL) creates client-specific models to handle data heterogeneity. Previously, PFL has been shown to be naturally resistant to backdoor attack propagation across clients. In this work, we reveal that PFL remains vulnerable to backdoor attacks through a novel frequency…