LCSPose: Efficient, Accurate and Scalable Markerless 6-DoF Pose Estimation of a Quay Crane Spreader Based on LiDAR and Camera
Accurate Six Degrees of Freedom (6-DoF) pose estimation of Ship-To-Shore (STS) quay crane spreaders is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient container handling in port automation. However, existing pose estimation techniques face significant challenges, as camera-based systems either rely on marke