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Benjamin Sapp

13 accepted papers

2026

MAGNIFIED: RL Fine-Tuning of Multimodal Large Language Models for Motion Planning

ICRA 2026poster

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in semantic understanding and common sense reasoning, making them promising candidates for solving planning problems in autonomous driving. However, the next-token text prediction objectives traditionally used in pre…

2023

Imitation Is Not Enough: Robustifying Imitation with Reinforcement Learning for Challenging Driving Scenarios

IROS 2023poster

Imitation learning (IL) is a simple and powerful way to use high-quality human driving data, which can be collected at scale, to produce human-like behavior. However, policies based on imitation learning alone often fail to sufficiently account for safety and reliability concerns. In this paper, we…

Cited by 106SourceScholar
2023

MotionDiffuser: Controllable Multi-Agent Motion Prediction Using Diffusion

CVPR 2023highlight

We present MotionDiffuser, a diffusion based representation for the joint distribution of future trajectories over multiple agents. Such representation has several key advantages: first, our model learns a highly multimodal distribution that captures diverse future outcomes. Second, the simple predi…

Cited by 126SourcePDFScholar
2023

MotionLM: Multi-Agent Motion Forecasting as Language Modeling

ICCV 2023poster

Reliable forecasting of the future behavior of road agents is a critical component to safe planning in autonomous vehicles. Here, we represent continuous trajectories as sequences of discrete motion tokens and cast multi-agent motion prediction as a language modeling task over this domain. Our model…

Cited by 104PDFScholar
2023

Wayformer: Motion Forecasting via Simple & Efficient Attention Networks

ICRA 2023poster

Motion forecasting for autonomous driving is a challenging task because complex driving scenarios involve a heterogeneous mix of static and dynamic inputs. It is an open problem how best to represent and fuse information about road geometry, lane connectivity, time-varying traffic light state, and h…

Cited by 315SourceScholar
2023

Waymax: An Accelerated, Data-Driven Simulator for Large-Scale Autonomous Driving Research

NeurIPS 2023poster

Simulation is an essential tool to develop and benchmark autonomous vehicle planning software in a safe and cost-effective manner. However, realistic simulation requires accurate modeling of multi-agent interactive behaviors to be trustworthy, behaviors which can be highly nuanced and complex. To ad…

Cited by 116SourcePDFScholar
2022

JFP: Joint Future Prediction with Interactive Multi-Agent Modeling for Autonomous Driving

CoRL 2022poster

We propose \textit{JFP}, a Joint Future Prediction model that can learn to generate accurate and consistent multi-agent future trajectories. For this task, many different methods have been proposed to capture social interactions in the encoding part of the model, however, considerably less focus has…

Cited by 44SourceScholar
2022

MultiPath++: Efficient Information Fusion and Trajectory Aggregation for Behavior Prediction

ICRA 2022poster

Predicting the future behavior of road users is one of the most challenging and important problems in autonomous driving. Applying deep learning to this problem requires fusing heterogeneous world state in the form of rich perception signals and map information, and inferring highly multi-modal dist…

Cited by 366SourceScholar
2022

Narrowing the coordinate-frame gap in behavior prediction models: Distillation for efficient and accurate scene-centric motion forecasting

ICRA 2022poster

Behavior prediction models have proliferated in recent years, especially in the popular real-world robotics application of autonomous driving, where representing the distribution over possible futures of moving agents is essential for safe and comfortable motion planning. In these models, the choice…

Cited by 13SourceScholar
2022

Scene Transformer: A unified architecture for predicting future trajectories of multiple agents

ICLR 2022poster

Predicting the motion of multiple agents is necessary for planning in dynamic environments. This task is challenging for autonomous driving since agents (e.g., vehicles and pedestrians) and their associated behaviors may be diverse and influence one another. Most prior work have focused on predictin…

Cited by 0SourcePDFScholar
2021

Identifying Driver Interactions via Conditional Behavior Prediction

ICRA 2021poster

Interactive driving scenarios, such as lane changes, merges and unprotected turns, are some of the most challenging situations for autonomous driving. Planning in interactive scenarios requires accurately modeling the reactions of other agents to different future actions of the ego agent. We develop…

Cited by 89SourceScholar
2019

MultiPath: Multiple Probabilistic Anchor Trajectory Hypotheses for Behavior Prediction

CoRL 2019

Predicting human behavior is a difficult and crucial task required for motion planning. It is challenging in large part due to the highly uncertain and multimodal set of possible outcomes in real-world domains such as autonomous driving. Beyond single MAP trajectory prediction [1, 2], obtaining an a

Cited by 0SourcePDFScholar
2019

Rules of the Road: Predicting Driving Behavior With a Convolutional Model of Semantic Interactions

CVPR 2019poster

We focus on the problem of predicting future states of entities in complex, real-world driving scenarios. Previous research has approached this problem via low-level signals to predict short time horizons, and has not addressed how to leverage key assets relied upon heavily by industry self-driving…

Cited by 338PDFScholar