40 accepted papers
Inaccurate Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) can lead to critical failures in safety-sensitive domains, including autonomous navigation and industrial surveillance. With the increasing abundance and rapid proliferation of VAD algorithms, their reliable evaluation has become increasingly important and c…
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) enforce physical laws by minimizing partial differential equation (PDE) residuals and auxiliary constraints. Standard training relies on a mean-squared error (MSE) objective, which implicitly assumes independent Gaussian residuals with a fixed global variance…
Selecting a pretrained large language model (LLM) to fine-tune for a task-specific dataset can be time-consuming and costly. With several candidate models available to choose from, varying in size, architecture, and pretraining data, finding the best model for a specific task often involves extensiv…
Kolmogorov--Arnold Networks (KANs) have recently emerged as a structured alternative to standard MLPs, yet a principled theory for their training dynamics, generalization, and privacy properties remains limited. In this paper, we analyze gradient descent (GD) for training two-layer KANs and derive g…
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) embed physical laws into deep learning models. However, conventional PINNs often suffer from failure modes leading to inaccurate solutions. We trace these failure modes to two structural pathologies: gradient shattering, where gradients degrade with depth and…
Deep learning-based methods have achieved a breakthrough in image anomaly detection, but their complexity introduces a considerable challenge to understanding why an instance is predicted to be anomalous. We introduce a novel explanation method that generates multiple alternative modifications for e
Diffusion models (DMs) excel on dense continuous data, but are not designed for sparse continuous data. They do not model exact zeros that represent the deliberate absence of a signal. As a result, they erase sparsity patterns and perform unnecessary computation on mostly zero entries. With Sparsity…
Intelligent agents in real-world applications must adapt their behavior to changing contexts and user preferences. For example, planning a road trip requires considering both travel time and cost. Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) provides a principled approach to navigate such trade-of
Neural networks generally prefer simple and easy-to-learn features. When these features are spuriously correlated with the labels, the network's performance can suffer, particularly for underrepresented classes or concepts. Self-supervised representation learning methods, such as contrastive learnin…
Monitoring chemical processes is essential to prevent catastrophic failures, optimize costs and profits, and ensure the safety of employees and the environment. A key component of modern monitoring systems is the automated detection of anomalies in sensor data over time, called time series, enablin…
Fine-tuning pretrained language models on task-specific data is a common practice in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. However, the number of pretrained models available to choose from can be very large, and it remains unclear how to select the optimal model without spending considerab…
There is a lack of quantitative measures to evaluate the progression of topics through time in dynamic topic models (DTMs). Filling this gap, we propose a novel evaluation measure for DTMs that analyzes the changes in the quality of each topic over time. Additionally, we propose an extension combini…
Conventional machine learning methods are predominantly designed to predict outcomes based on a single data type. However, practical applications may encompass data of diverse types, such as text, images, and audio. We introduce interpretable tensor fusion (InTense), a multimodal learning method tra…
Adversarial examples are manipulated samples used to deceive machine learning models, posing a serious threat in safety-critical applications. Existing safety certificates for machine learning models are limited to individual input examples, failing to capture generalization to unseen data. To addre…
Evaluating Text Style Transfer (TST) is a complex task due to its multi-faceted nature. The quality of the generated text is measured based on challenging factors, such as style transfer accuracy, content preservation, and overall fluency. While human evaluation is considered to be the gold standard…
Text Style Transfer (TST) evaluation is, in practice, inconsistent. Therefore, we conduct a meta-analysis on human and automated TST evaluation and experimentation that thoroughly examines existing literature in the field. The meta-analysis reveals a substantial standardization gap in human and auto…
Selecting informative data points for expert feedback can significantly improve the performance of anomaly detection (AD) in various contexts, such as medical diagnostics or fraud detection. In this paper, we determine a set of theoretical conditions under which anomaly scores generalize from labele…
We study inductive matrix completion (matrix completion with side information) under an i.i.d. subgaussian noise assumption at a low noise regime, with uniform sampling of the entries. We obtain for the first time generalization bounds with the following three properties: (1) they scale like the s…
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in learning complex hierarchical data representations, but the nature of these representations remains largely unknown. Existing global explainability methods, such as Network Dissection, face limitations such as reliance on segmentatio…
Normalizing flows are powerful non-parametric statistical models that function as a hybrid between density estimators and generative models. Current learning algorithms for normalizing flows assume that data points are sampled independently, an assumption that is frequently violated in practice, whi…
Anomaly detection (AD) plays a crucial role in many safety-critical application domains. The challenge of adapting an anomaly detector to drift in the normal data distribution, especially when no training data is available for the "new normal," has led to the development of zero-shot AD techniques.…
Anomaly detection aims at identifying data points that show systematic deviations from the majority of data in an unlabeled dataset. A common assumption is that clean training data (free of anomalies) is available, which is often violated in practice. We propose a strategy for training an anomaly de…
Many recent studies have highlighted the susceptibility of virtually all machine-learning models to adversarial attacks. Adversarial attacks are imperceptible changes to an input example of a given prediction model. Such changes are carefully designed to alter the otherwise correct prediction of the…
Graph-level anomaly detection has become a critical topic in diverse areas, such as financial fraud detection and detecting anomalous activities in social networks. While most research has focused on anomaly detection for visual data such as images, where high detection accuracies have been obtained…
Deep one-class classification variants for anomaly detection learn a mapping that concentrates nominal samples in feature space causing anomalies to be mapped away. Because this transformation is highly non-linear, finding interpretations poses a significant challenge. In this paper we present an ex…
In this paper, we bridge the gap between the state-of-the-art theoretical results for matrix completion with the nuclear norm and their equivalent in \textit{inductive matrix completion}: (1) In the distribution-free setting, we prove bounds improving the previously best scaling of $O(rd^2)$ to $\wi…
In machine learning we often encounter structured output prediction problems (SOPPs), i.e. problems where the output space admits a rich internal structure. Application domains where SOPPs naturally occur include natural language processing, speech recognition, and computer vision. Typical SOPPs hav…
Many fundamental machine learning tasks can be formulated as a problem of learning with vector-valued functions, where we learn multiple scalar-valued functions together. Although there is some generalization analysis on different specific algorithms under the empirical risk minimization principle,…
We propose a novel training methodology---Concept Group Learning (CGL)---that encourages training of interpretable CNN filters by partitioning filters in each layer into \emph{concept groups}, each of which is trained to learn a single visual concept. We achieve this through a novel regularization s…
Model object trackers largely rely on the online learning of a discriminative classifier from potentially diverse sample frames. However, noisy or insufficient amounts of samples can deteriorate the classifiers' performance and cause tracking drift. Furthermore, alterations such as occlusion and blu…
Data transformations (e.g. rotations, reflections, and cropping) play an important role in self-supervised learning. Typically, images are transformed into different views, and neural networks trained on tasks involving these views produce useful feature representations for downstream tasks, includi…
We show generalisation error bounds for deep learning with two main improvements over the state of the art. (1) Our bounds have no explicit dependence on the number of classes except for logarithmic factors. This holds even when formulating the bounds in terms of the Frobenius-norm of the weight mat…
Deep approaches to anomaly detection have recently shown promising results over shallow methods on large and complex datasets. Typically anomaly detection is treated as an unsupervised learning problem. In practice however, one may have---in addition to a large set of unlabeled samples---access to a…
Pairwise learning refers to learning tasks with loss functions depending on a pair of training examples, which includes ranking and metric learning as specific examples. Recently, there has been an increasing amount of attention on the generalization analysis of pairwise learning to understand its p…
We propose a two-sample testing procedure based on learned deep neural network representations. To this end, we define two test statistics that perform an asymptotic location test on data samples mapped onto a hidden layer. The tests are consistent and asymptotically control the type-1 error rate. T…
Despite the wide success of deep neural networks (DNN), little progress has been made on end-to-end unsupervised outlier detection (UOD) from high dimensional data like raw images. In this paper, we propose a framework named E^3Outlier, which can perform UOD in a both effective and end-to-end manner…
Despite the great advances made by deep learning in many machine learning problems, there is a relative dearth of deep learning approaches for anomaly detection. Those approaches which do exist involve networks trained to perform a task other than anomaly detection, namely generative models or compr…
Dynamic topic models (DTMs) model the evolution of prevalent themes in literature, online media, and other forms of text over time. DTMs assume that word co-occurrence statistics change continuously and therefore impose continuous stochastic process priors on their model parameters. These dynamical…
We introduce a new anomaly detection methodology for data with latent dependency structure. As a particular instantiation, we derive a hidden Markov anomaly detector that extends the regular one-class support vector machine. We optimize the approach, which is non-convex, via a DC (difference of conv…
This paper studies the generalization performance of multi-class classification algorithms, for which we obtain, for the first time, a data-dependent generalization error bound with a logarithmic dependence on the class size, substantially improving the state-of-the-art linear dependence in the exis…