Hailong Liu

Inspiring External Human-Machine Interface Designs for Autonomous Personal Mobility Vehicle: Causal Discovering the Influence of Passengers' Personality Traits on User Experience

As autonomous personal mobility vehicles (APMVs) are increasingly integrated into shared spaces, short-distance interactions between pedestrians and APMVs will become more frequent. To facilitate communication in shared spaces, APMVs equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs). Although