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Zelai Xu

9 accepted papers

2026

MARSHAL: Incentivizing Multi-Agent Reasoning via Self-Play with Strategic LLMs

ICLR 2026poster

Developing Large Language Models (LLMs) to cooperate and compete effectively within multi-agent systems (MASs) is a critical step towards more advanced intelligence. While reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for enhancing reasoning in single-agent tasks, its extension to multi-turn, mul…

Cited by 13SourcecodeScholar
2026

Robust Preference Optimization: Aligning Language Models with Noisy Preference Feedback

ICLR 2026poster

Standard human preference-based alignment methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), are a cornerstone technology for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values. However, these methods are all underpinned by a strong assumption that the collected preference data…

Cited by 0SourceScholar
2026

VS-Bench: Evaluating VLMs for Strategic Abilities in Multi-Agent Environments

CVPR 2026

Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have expanded their capabilities to interactive agent tasks, yet existing benchmarks remain limited to single-agent or text-only environments. In contrast, real-world scenarios often involve multiple agents interacting within rich visual and textu

Cited by 0SourceScholar
2025

Learning Strategic Language Agents in the Werewolf Game with Iterative Latent Space Policy Optimization

ICML 2025poster

Large language model (LLM) agents have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in various domains like open-ended conversation and multi-step decision-making. However, it remains challenging for these agents to solve strategic language games, such as Werewolf, which demand both strategic decis…

Cited by 1SourcePDFScholar
2025

Mastering Multi-Drone Volleyball through Hierarchical Co-Self-Play Reinforcement Learning

CoRL 2025poster

In this paper, we tackle the problem of learning to play 3v3 multi-drone volleyball, a new embodied competitive task that requires both high-level strategic coordination and low-level agile control. The task is turn-based, multi-agent, and physically grounded, posing significant challenges due to it…

Cited by 0SourceScholar
2025

VolleyBots: A Testbed for Multi-Drone Volleyball Game Combining Motion Control and Strategic Play

NeurIPS 2025poster

Robot sports, characterized by well-defined objectives, explicit rules, and dynamic interactions, present ideal scenarios for demonstrating embodied intelligence. In this paper, we present VolleyBots, a novel robot sports testbed where multiple drones cooperate and compete in the sport of volleybal…

Cited by 0SourcecodeScholar
2024

Accelerate Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Zero-Sum Games with Subgame Curriculum Learning

AAAI 2024technical

Learning Nash equilibrium (NE) in complex zero-sum games with multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) can be extremely computationally expensive. Curriculum learning is an effective way to accelerate learning, but an under-explored dimension for generating a curriculum is the difficulty-to-learn o…

Cited by 2SourcePDFScholar
2024

Language Agents with Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Play in the Werewolf Game

ICML 2024poster

Agents built with large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential across a wide range of domains. However, in complex decision-making tasks, pure LLM-based agents tend to exhibit intrinsic bias in their choice of actions, which is inherited from the model's training data and results in subop…

Cited by 88SourcePDFScholar
2022

Revisiting Some Common Practices in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

ICML 2022spotlight

Many advances in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) are based on two common design principles: value decomposition and parameter sharing. A typical MARL algorithm of this fashion decomposes a centralized Q-function into local Q-networks with parameters shared across agents. Such a…

Cited by 49SourcePDFScholar